05 Analysis of the Effects of Breathing Relaxation, Foot Massage, and Lemon Aromatherapy on Pain Intensity During the First Stage of Labor: A Literature Review
Speaker:- Atnesia Ajeng Wahidin, & Desta Mutiara Lestari. Facilitator: - Rizka Ayu Setyani Abstract:- Background: Pain experienced during the first stage of labor is primarily associated with cervical dilation, uterine contractions, and transient uterine hypoxia. Despite advances in obstetric care, labor pain remains a significant clinical concern worldwide. Techniques such as breathing relaxation, foot massage, and...
